About 'nursing schools in massachusetts'|...it would be. O gentlemen, you do not know whom Liberty has nursed in These States, and depends on in time of need. You have not...
Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ, ｉｔ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ａｒｇｕｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｈａｄ ｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｔｏ ａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｌｏｎｇ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈｅｙ ａｔｔａｉｎｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｔｏ ｖｏｔｅ. Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ, ｔｈｅ ｂｉｇｇｅｓｔ ｉｒｏｎｙ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ ｗａｓ ｎｏｔ ｅｑｕａｌ ｔｏ ｔｈａｔ ｏｆ ａ ｍａｎ. Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｒｏｌｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗｅｒｅ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｐｌａｙ ｉｎ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ: ｗｉｆｅ, ｍｏｔｈｅｒ, ａｎｄ ｄａｕｇｈｔｅｒ. Ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ, ｉｔ ｗａｓ ａｎ ｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｒｏｌｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｈｏｍｅ. Ａｓ ｎｏｔｅｄ ｅａｒｌｉｅｒ, ｉｔ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｓａｉｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｒｏｌｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｐｌａｙ ｉｎ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ. Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ, ｎｏｔ ｅｖｅｒｙ ｗｏｍａｎ ｗａｓ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｔｏ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ ｍａｎｙ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｉｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｗａｓ ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅｄ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｉｓ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ａｌｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ ｎａｍｅｌｙ Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｗｏｍｅｎ. Ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ, ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｍａｎｙ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ａｄｖｏｃａｔｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｍａｋｅ ｓｕｒｅ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｇｒｏｕｎｄ ｔｈａｔ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｇａｉｎｅｄ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｌｏｓｔ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ ｍａｎｅｕｖｅｒｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ｌｏｂｂｙｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ａｌｔｅｒｅｄ. Ｔｈｅ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｅｘａｍｉｎｅ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ; ｄｅｆｉｎｅ ｉｔ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｌｅｇａｌ ｐｏｉｎｔ ｏｆ ｖｉｅｗ; ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ, ｓｃｒｕｔｉｎｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ ｉｍｐａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｈａｓ ｈａｄ ｏｎ ｇｅｎｄｅｒ ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｆｏｒ ｂｏｔｈ ｍａｌｅｓ ａｎｄ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ ｉｎ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ; ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｍｙｔｈｓ ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ ｔｈｉｓ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｖｅｒｓｉａｌ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ; ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｋｅｙ ａｒｅａｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ ｓｉｎｃｅ ｉｔｓ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ 1972. Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｉｓ ａｎ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ Ｃｉｖｉｌ Ｒｉｇｈｔｓ Ａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｐａｓｓｅｄ ｉｎ 1964. Ｉｔ ｉｓ ａｎ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ Ｃｉｖｉｌ Ｒｉｇｈｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｐａｓｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｅｎｓｕｒｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅ ｅｑｕａｌ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｅｎａｂｌｅ ｔｈｅｍ ｔｏ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ａｎ ａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ ａｎｄ ｅｑｕａｌ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ. Ｍｏｓｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅ ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ａｄｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｔｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ ｆｏｒ ｏｐｅｎｉｎｇ ｕｐ ｔｈｅ ｌｅｇａｌ ｄｏｏｒ ｔｈａｔ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｏ ｐｌａｙ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ ａｎｄ ｈａｖｅ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｆｕｎｄｅｄ. Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ, ａｓ ａ ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｉｔ ｄｉｄ ｇｕａｒａｎｔｅｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｎｄ ｇｉｒｌｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ａ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ, ｇａｉｎ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅｍ ｉｎ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ａｒｅａｓ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｊｕｓｔ ｇａｉｎｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｔｏ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅ ｉｎ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ. Ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ, Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｗａｓ ａｎ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ Ｃｉｖｉｌ Ａｒｔｓ Ａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｐａｓｓｅｄ ｉｎ 1964; "Ｉｎ 1972, Ｃｏｎｇｒｅｓｓ ｐａｓｓｅｄ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ Ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔｓ Ａｃｔ, ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄｌｙ ｍａｎｄａｔｉｎｇ ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｆｏｒ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｉｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ" (Ｓｔｒｏｍ 317). Ａｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｏ ｐｌａｙ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ ｉｎ ａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ ｉｓ ｗｈａｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒ ａｂｏｕｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ｌｏｎｇ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｗｅｎｔ ｉｎｔｏ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗａｓ ａｌｗａｙｓ ｓｏｍｅ ｔｙｐｅ ｏｆ ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｙｐｅ ｏｆ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗｅｒｅ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｔｏ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅ ｉｎ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｗａｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ａ ｆｅａｒ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｇｅｔ ｈｕｒｔ ｉｆ ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｏ ｅｎｇａｇｅ ｉｎ ａｎｙ ｔｙｐｅ ｏｆ ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ ｓｐｏｒｔ. "Ｔｈｅ Ｏｌｙｍｐｉｃｓ ｂｅｇａｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ 1900 ｗｉｔｈ ｃｌｅａｒ ｓｔｒｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｔｈｅ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍｏｓｔ ｔｅａｍ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ, ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ｔｈｏｓｅ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ ｂｏｄｙ ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ" (Ｓｔｒｏｍ 317). Ｗｈａｔ ｉｓ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ? Ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｗａｓ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｃｒｅａｔｅ ｅｑｕａｌ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ ｆｏｒ ｂｏｔｈ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ ａｎｄ ｍａｌｅｓ. Ｍｏｓｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｈｉｎｋ ｔｈａｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｉｓ ａ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ ｔｈａｔ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｖｅｌｙ, ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｉｌｙ ｔｒｕｅ. Ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ, ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ａｎ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｔｈａｔ ｈａｓ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｔｅｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｉｎ ｍａｎｙ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｓ, ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｔｈａｔ ｈａｖｅ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｉｎ ｈｅｌｐｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｅｌｅｖａｔｅ ｐａｓｔ ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｈａｖｅ ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ ｉｎｅｑｕｉｔｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ. Ｔｏ ｐｕｔ ｉｔ ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ ｗａｙ, "Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｗａｓ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ ｌａｗ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔ ｓｅｘ ｄｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ ｏｆ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ" (Ｓａｄｋｅｒ & Ｓａｄｋｅｒ). Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｋｅｙ ａｒｅａｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ. "Ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｉｓ ｌａｗ, ｍａｌｅｓ ａｎｄ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ ａｒｅ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ｆａｉｒ ａｎｄ ｅｑｕａｌ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ ａｌｌ ａｒｅａｓ ｏｆ ｐｕｂｌｉｃ ｓｃｈｏｏｌｉｎｇ" (Ｓａｄｋｅｒ & Ｓａｄｋｅｒ). Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ａ ｌａｗ ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｍｅａｎｔ ｔｏ ｏｆｆｅｒ ｅｑｕａｌ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｂｏｔｈ ｍａｌｅｓ ａｎｄ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｓｅ ａｒｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｒｅａｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｉｓ ｌａｗ, "ｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｍｅｎｔ, ａｄｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ, ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ａｎｄ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ, ｃｏｕｒｓｅ ｏｆｆｅｒｉｎｇｓ ａｎｄ ａｃｃｅｓｓ, ｃｏｕｎｓｅｌｉｎｇ, ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ａｉｄ, ｅｍｐｌｏｙｍｅｎｔ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ, ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ ｈｅａｌｔｈ ａｎｄ ｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ, ｍａｒｉｔａｌ ａｎｄ ｐａｒｅｎｔａｌ ｓｔａｔｕｓ, ｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｈｉｐｓ, ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ, ａｎｄ ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃｓ" (Ｓａｄｋｅｒ & Ｓａｄｋｅｒ). Ｓｉｍｐｌｅ Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ Ｔｈｅ ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "Ｎｏ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ ｓｈａｌｌ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｓｉｓ ｏｆ ｓｅｘ, ｂｅ ｅｘｃｌｕｄｅｄ ｆｒｏｍ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ, ｂｅ ｄｅｎｉｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ ｏｆ, ｏｒ ｂｅ ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｄｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｕｎｄｅｒ ａｎｙ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ ｏｒ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ" (Ｆｏｒｄ 194). Ｌｅｇａｌ Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ Ｔｈｅ ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ Ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ 1972, 20 Ｕ.Ｓ.Ｃ Ｓｅｃｔ. 1681 (20 Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ Ｃｏｄｅ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ 1681) ｅｔ ｓｅｑ. (Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ), ｉｓ ａ Ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ ｓｔａｔｕｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔ ｓｅｘ ｄｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ Ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ" (ｎｃｃａ.ｏｒｇ, ｐｇ. 1). Ｓｉｎｃｅ ｎｅａｒｌｙ ａｌｌ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｆｏｒｍ ｏｆ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｒ ｆｕｎｄｉｎｇ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ｍａｋｅｓ ｉｔ ａ ｆａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｍｕｓｔ ｃｏｍｐｌｙ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｒｕｌｅｓ ａｎｄ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ｓｅｔ ｆｏｒｔｈ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ. Ｉｔ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｓｔａｔｕｅ ｉｓ ａｔ 34 Ｃ. Ｆ. Ｒ. (34 Ｃｏｄｅ ｏｆ Ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ Ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ) Ｐａｒｔ 106" (ＮＣＡＡ.Ｏｒｇ). Ｗｈａｔ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｌｅｖｅｌｓ ａｒｅ ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ? Ｗｈａｔ ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ａｒｅ ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ ｕｎｄｅｒ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ? Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｗｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｌａｗ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ, ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ ａｎｄ ｓｔａｆｆ ｉｎ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌｌｙ ｆｕｎｄｅｄ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ" (Ｓａｄｋｅｒ & Ｓａｄｋｅｒ). Ｗｈａｔ ｔｈａｔ ｍｅａｎｓ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙ ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ, ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙ ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ, ａｎｄ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｓ ａｎｄ ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ａｌｓｏ ｃｏｖｅｒｓ, "ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ａｎｄ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ａｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ｔｈａｔ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ ｆｕｎｄｓ ａｎｄ ｔｏ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌｌｙ ｆｕｎｄｅｄ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｒｕｎ ｂｙ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎａｌ ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ ｈｅａｌｔｈ ｃａｒｅ ｅｎｔｉｔｉｅｓ, ｕｎｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ" (Ｓａｄｋｅｒ & Ｓａｄｋｅｒ). Ａｓ ｙｏｕ ｃａｎ ｓｅｅ ｔｈｅ ａｒｅａｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ ｕｎｄｅｒ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｉｓ ｂｒｏａｄ ｉｎ ａ ｓｅｎｓｅ ａｎｙ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｔｈａｔ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｓ ａｎｙ ｆｏｒｍ ｏｆ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｍｕｓｔ ｃｏｍｐｌｙ ｗｉｔｈ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ. Ｗｈｏ ｉｓ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ ｆｏｒ ｅｎｆｏｒｃｉｎｇ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ? Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ａｓｋｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｏｓｅ ｗｈｏ ｗａｎｔ ｔｏ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ, ｗｈｏ ｉｓ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ ｆｏｒ ｅｎｆｏｒｃｉｎｇ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｌａｗ ｈａｓ ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｆｏｒ ｈｏｗ ｔｈｉｓ ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｍｅｎｔ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ, "Ｅｖｅｒｙ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｂｙ ｌａｗ ｉｓ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｄｅｓｉｇｎａｔｅ ａ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ Ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｏｒ. Ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ Ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｏｒ ｍｕｓｔ ｂｅ ｒｅａｄｉｌｙ ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ, ｓｔａｆｆ ａｎｄ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ" (Ｓａｄｋｅｒ & Ｓａｄｋｅｒ). Ａｓ ａ ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ｐｏｌｉｃｙ ｉｔ ｈａｓ ｍａｄｅ ｉｔ ｅａｓｉｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ, ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ, ｃｏａｃｈｅｓ ａｎｄ ｏｔｈｅｒｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｉｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｏｒ ａｔｔｅｎｄｉｎｇ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ ｔｈｉｓ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ. Ｎｏｔ ｔｏ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎ, "Ｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｏｒｓ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ, ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ, ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ, ｃｏａｃｈｅｓ, ａｎｄ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ ｃａｎ ｆｉｌｅ ａ ｃｏｍｐｌａｉｎｔ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｖｉｏｌａｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ Ｏｆｆｉｃｅ ｏｆ Ｃｉｖｉｌ Ｒｉｇｈｔｓ" (Ｓａｄｋｅｒ & Ｓａｄｋｅｒ). Ｍｙｔｈｓ Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｍａｎｙ ｍｙｔｈｓ ｔｈａｔ ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄ ｗｈａｔ ｓｏｍｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ ｉｓ ａｎｄ ａｌｓｏ ｗｈａｔ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ. Ｌｅｔ'ｓ ｅｘａｍｉｎｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｍｙｔｈｓ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ ｆａｃｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅｌｐ ｔｏ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｗｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ ｉｓ: Ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｍｙｔｈｓ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ ｉｔｓ ｓｏｌｅ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ ｉｓ ｉｔ ｍａｉｎｌｙ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃｓ ｗｈｅｎ ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ, "Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ａｐｐｌｉｅｓ ｔｏ ｅｖｅｒｙ ａｓｐｅｃｔ ｏｆ ｆｅｄｅｒａｌｌｙ ｆｕｎｄｅｄ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ. Ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃｓ ｉｓ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ 10 ｍａｊｏｒ ａｒｅａｓ ａｄｄｒｅｓｓｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｌａｗ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ) Ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｍｙｔｈ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｏｎｌｙ ａｐｐｌｉｅｓ ｔｏ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ. Ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ, "Ｂｏｔｈ ｍａｌｅ ａｎｄ ｆｅｍａｌｅ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ａｒｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ａｎ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌ, ｍｙｔｈ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｓｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｓｏｍｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ ｔｏ ｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅ, ｔｈａｔ ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｄｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｙ ｓｅｅｍ ｔｏ ｔｈｉｎｋ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｈａｒｍｌｅｓｓ. Ｗｈｅｎ ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｏｆｆｅｒｓ ａｎ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ, "ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｉｓ ａ ｆｏｒｍ ｏｆ ｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔｅｄ ｓｅｘ ｄｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｂｏｔｈ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄ ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ ｃａｎ ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒ ｍｏｎｅｔａｒｙ ｄａｍａｇｅｓ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｔｈｅ ｌａｗ ｃｌｅａｒｌｙ ｓｔａｔｅｓ ｔｈａｔ, "Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔｓ ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ ａｌｌ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ａｎｄ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ ｏｒ ｉｎ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｏｎｓｏｒ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒｔｈ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｍｙｔｈ ｔｈａｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｉｎｋ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｈａｓ ｄｏｎｅ ｉｔｓ ｊｏｂ. Ｔｈｅｙ ｓｅｅｍ ｔｏ ｔｈｉｎｋ ｔｈａｔ ｇｅｎｄｅｒ ｅｑｕｉｔｙ ｗｉｔｈｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ａｃｃｏｍｐｌｉｓｈｅｄ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ. Ｗｈｅｎ ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ ｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｔｈａｔ ｒｅｆｕｔｅ ｔｈｉｓ ｃｌａｉｍ, "Ｊｕｓｔ 21 ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ ｏｆ ａｌｌ ｆｕｌｌ ｔｉｍｅ ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ ａｔ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｓ ａｎｄ ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ ａｒｅ ｗｏｍｅｎ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｎｏｔ ｔｏ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎ, ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ｓｔｉｌｌ ａ ｈｕｇｅ ｄｉｓｃｒｅｐａｎｃｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｏｆ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗｈｏ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ａｎｄ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ, "Ｗｏｍｅｎ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ｏｎｌｙ 20 ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ-ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ｂａｃｈｅｌｏｒ'ｓ ｄｅｇｒｅｅｓ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｋｅｙ Ａｒｅａｓ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ: Ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｒｅａｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｃｏｖｅｒｓ: ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ; ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃｓ; ｃａｒｅｅｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ; ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｔ ａｎｄ ｐａｒｅｎｔｉｎｇ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ; ａｎｄ, ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｊｕｓｔ ｔｏ ｎａｍｅ ａ ｆｅｗ. Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｂｙ ｎｏ ｍｅａｎｓ ａ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ ｌｉｓｔ, ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｊｕｓｔ ａ ｓｉｍｐｌｅ ｏｖｅｒｖｉｅｗ ｏｆ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ａｒｅａｓ ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｔｅｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｍｅｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｐｕｒｓｕｉｔ ｏｆ ａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｒ ｈａｓ ｏｆｆｅｒｅｄ ｔｈｅｍ ａｄｄｅｄ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｋｐｌａｃｅ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ. Ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ Ｗｏｍｅｎ ｄｉｄ ｎｏｔ ｈａｖｅ ｅｑｕａｌ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｍａｎｎｅｒ ａｓ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｍａｌｅ ｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｐａｒｔｓ. Ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｈａｄ ａ ｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅｄ ｒｏｌｅ ｉｎ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｎａｍｅｌｙ ｏｎｅ ｔｈａｔ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｄ ｔｈｅｍ ｔｏ ｔａｋｉｎｇ ｃａｒｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｈｏｍｅ ａｎｄ ｒｅａｒｉｎｇ ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ. Ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｗｈｙ ｉｔ ｉｓ "ｈａｒｄ ｔｏ ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ ｔｈａｔ ｕｎｔｉｌ ｔｈｅ '70ｓ ｍａｎｙ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｓ ａｎｄ ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ ｒｅｆｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ａｄｍｉｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｂａｓｅｄ ｉｎ ｌａｒｇｅ ｐａｒｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｐｒｅｖａｉｌｅｄ ａｂｏｕｔ ｗｈａｔ ｒｏｌｅｓ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｕｎｄｅｒｔａｋｅ, ｉｔ ｄｉｄ ｎｏｔ ｓｅｅｍ ｔｏ ｍａｔｔｅｒ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗａｎｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ ａ ｍｏｒｅ ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ ｒｏｌｅ ｔｈａｔ ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ ａ ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｗｈａｔ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｄｏｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｏｎｅ ｔｈａｔ ｗａｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｗｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ ｗａｎｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｄｏ. Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｓａｆｅ ｔｏ ｓａｙ ｔｈａｔ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ, "Ｉｔ ｗａｓ ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗｅｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｍａｒｒｉａｇｅ ａｎｄ ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ ｔｈａｎ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙ ｔｏ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｆ ｈｏｗ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｖｉｅｗｅｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｒｏｌｅｓ ｄｉｄ ｎｏｔ ｃｈａｎｇｅ. Ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃｓ Ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃｓ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ａｒｅａ ｔｈａｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｉｎｋ ａｂｏｕｔ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｙ ｔｈｉｎｋ ａｂｏｕｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, ａｎｄ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ, "Ｔｈｅ ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ｆｏｒ ｇｉｒｌｓ ｗｅｒｅ Ｃｈｅｅｒｌｅａｄｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｓｑｕａｒｅ ｄａｎｃｉｎｇ. Ｏｎｌｙ 1 ｉｎ 27 ｇｉｒｌｓ ｐｌａｙｅｄ ｈｉｇｈ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｓｉｎｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, "ｍｏｒｅ ｇｉｒｌｓ ａｎｄ ｙｏｕｎｇ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｈａｖｅ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ, ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ ｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｈｉｐｓ ｔｏ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅ ｉｎ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ ｏｎ ａｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｏｌｌｅｇｉａｔｅ ｌｅｖｅｌ, ａｎｄ ｈａｖｅ ｇｒｅａｔｌｙ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｔｅｄ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ ｂｕｄｇｅｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｉｎ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ, ｓｉｎｃｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｇａｉｎ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ ｓｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ ｅｖｅｎｔｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｄｅｎｉｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅｍ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ, "Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｐｅｔｅ ａｔ ａｎ ｅｌｉｔｅ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｓ ｌｉｋｅ ｔｈｅ Ｏｌｙｍｐｉｃｓ, Ｗｏｒｌｄ Ｃｈａｍｐｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｓ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ ｌｅａｇｕｅｓ"(ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｃａｒｅｅｒ Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ Ｉｎ ａｌｌ ｌｉｋｅｌｉｈｏｏｄ, ｉｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｈａｄ ｎｏｔ ｂｅｅｎ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｃａｒｅｅｒ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｆｏｒ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔ ｏｆ ｃｌａｓｓｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ, ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｈｏｍｅ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓ, ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ, ｏｒ ｓｅｗｉｎｇ. Ｎｏｔ ｔｏ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, "Ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ｗｅｒｅ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｔｏ ｄｅｎｙ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ ｉｎ ｆｉｅｌｄｓ ｔｈａｔ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ "ｉｎａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ" ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅｍ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ａｓ ａ ｒｅｓｕｌｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎａｌ ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓ ｇｉｒｌｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｒａｉｎｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｐｌａｃｅｄ ｉｎ ｌｏｗ ｐａｙｉｎｇ ｊｏｂｓ, ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ, ｃａｒｅ ｇｉｖｅｒｓ ｏｆ (ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ ｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ), ａｎｄ ｊｏｂｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｈｅａｌｔｈ ｃａｒｅ ｆｉｅｌｄ, ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅｙ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｂｅ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ. Ｓｉｎｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ｌａｗ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ｃａｎ ｎｏ ｌｏｎｇｅｒ ｌｅｇａｌｌｙ ｓｈｕｔ ｄｏｏｒｓ ｔｏ ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ ｏｒ ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｓｉｓ ｏｆ ｓｅｘ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｃａｓｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｎｏｔ ｏｎｌｙ ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ ｔｏ ｇｉｒｌｓ ｂｕｔ ｉｔ ａｌｓｏ ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｏｙｓ, "Ｔｈｅ ｌａｗ ｓａｙｓ ｇｉｒｌｓ ｍｕｓｔ ｂｅ ｆｒｅｅ ｔｏ ｐｕｒｓｕｅ ｃａｒｅｅｒ ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ ｉｎ ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ ｌｉｋｅ ａｖｉａｔｉｏｎ, ａｕｔｏｍｏｔｉｖｅ ｒｅｐａｉｒ, ａｎｄ ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒａｌ ｄｒａｆｔｉｎｇ, ｗｈｉｌｅ ｂｏｙｓ ｃａｎ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ｔｏ ｐｕｒｓｕｅ ｃｏｏｋｉｎｇ, ｎｕｒｓｉｎｇ, ａｎｄ ｃｏｓｍｅｔｏｌｏｇｙ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ Ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｔ ａｎｄ Ｐａｒｅｎｔｉｎｇ Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ Ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, ｉｆ ａ ｔｅｅｎａｇｅ ｇｉｒｌ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｏ ｇｅｔ ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｔ, ｓｈｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｋｉｃｋｅｄ ｏｕｔ ｏｆ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ. Ａｓ ａ ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, ａ ｔｅｅｎａｇｅ ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｃｙ ｄｏｅｓ ｎｏｔ ｈａｖｅ ｔｏ ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒ'ｓ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｔｏ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ ａｎ ａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｈａｔ ｍｅｅｔ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｎｅｅｄｓ. Ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ, ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, "ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ａｒｅ ｎｏｔ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｒｅａｔ ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｔ ｏｒ ｐａｒｅｎｔｉｎｇ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｌｉｋｅ ｓｅｃｏｎｄ-ｃｌａｓｓｃｉｔｉｚｅｎｓ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｎｏｔ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｈａｔ, ｂｕｔ ｓｈｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄ ｆｒｏｍ ｈｅｒ ｐｅｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｆｏｒｃｅｄ ｔｏ ａｔｔｅｎｄ ａ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｔｈａｔ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｔ ｔｅｅｎｓ ａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄ. Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ, ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｖｉｓｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "Ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ｃａｎ ｈａｖｅ ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｆｏｒ ｐｒｅｇｎａｎｔ ｍｏｍｓ, ｂｕｔ ｅｎｒｏｌｌｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｍｕｓｔ ｂｅ ｖｏｌｕｎｔａｒｙ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｙ ｍｕｓｔ ｂｅ ｏｆ ｃｏｍｐａｒａｂｌｅ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｏｆｆｅｒｓ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｓｅｘｕａｌ Ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ Ｔｏ ｂｅ ｓｕｒｅ, ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｂｏｔｈ ｍｅｎ ａｎｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｈａｄ ｔｏ ｅｎｄｕｒｅ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｆｏｒｍｓ ｏｆ ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｔｈａｔ ｅｘｉｓｔｅｄ ｉｎ ａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ, ｍａｎｙ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｅｎｄｅｄ ｔｏ ｌｏｏｋ ｕｐｏｎ ｉｔ ａｓ "ｂｏｙｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｂｏｙｓ" ｗｈｅｎｅｖｅｒ ｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄ ｃｒｕｄｅ ａｎｄ ｄｉｓｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｆｕｌ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ ｔｏｗａｒｄｓ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ. Ｔｈａｔ ｄｏｅｓ ｎｏｔ ｍｅａｎ ｔｈａｔ ｍｅｎ ａｎｄ ｂｏｙｓ ｄｉｄ ｎｏｔ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ ｔｈｉｓ ｔｙｐｅ ｏｆ ｉｎａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ "ｂｏｙｓ ｔｏｄａｙ ａｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｈａｒａｓｓｅｄ ｔｈａｎ ｂｏｙｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｉｎ 1983" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒ, ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ ｗｈｙ ｓｏｃｉｅｔａｌ ｖｉｅｗｓ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｈａｄ ｎｏ ｉｍｐａｃｔ ｔｏ ｃｕｒｂ ｔｈｉｓ ｔｙｐｅ ｏｆ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ, "Ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｉｎｎｕｅｎｄｏｓ, ｃａｌｌｉｎｇ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｓｅｘｕａｌｌｙ ｃｈａｒｇｅｄ ｎａｍｅｓ, ｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇ ｒｕｍｏｒｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｓｅｘｕａｌ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ, ｏｒ ｔｏｕｃｈｉｎｇ ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｉｎａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｌｙ ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｄｉｓｍｉｓｓｅｄ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｃｌｅａｒｌｙ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "Ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ ａｎｙ ｕｎｗａｎｔｅｄ ａｎｄ ｕｎｗｅｌｃｏｍｅ ｓｅｘｕａｌ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ ｔｈａｔ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｓ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ'ｓ ａｃｃｅｓｓ ｔｏ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｔｈｅ ｌａｗ ｉｓ ｃｌｅａｒ, ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｉｔ ｓｔａｔｅｓ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ'ｓ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｃｒｅａｔｅ ａ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｆｅｅｌ ｓａｆｅ ａｎｄ ｏｎｅ ｔｈａｔ ａｌｌｏｗｓ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｔｏ ｂｅ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｔａｋｅ ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ａｒｅ ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅｍ. Ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｓｅｔ ｆｏｒｔｈ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ Ｓｕｐｒｅｍｅ Ｃｏｕｒｔ ｐｌａｉｎｌｙ ｓｔａｔｅｓ, "Ｔｈａｔ ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ｈａｖｅ ａｎ ｏｂｌｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ｕｎｄｅｒ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ, ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｐｅｒｐｅｔｒａｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｐｅｅｒｓ ｏｒ ｂｙ ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ Ｔｈｅ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｅｘａｍｉｎｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌ ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ; ｄｅｆｉｎｅ ｉｔ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｌｅｇａｌ ｐｏｉｎｔ ｏｆ ｖｉｅｗ; ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ, ｓｃｒｕｔｉｎｉｚｅ ｔｈｅ ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ ｉｍｐａｃｔ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｈａｓ ｈａｄ ｏｎ ｇｅｎｄｅｒ ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｆｏｒ ｂｏｔｈ ｍａｌｅｓ ａｎｄ ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ ｉｎ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ; ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｍｙｔｈｓ ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ ｔｈｉｓ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｖｅｒｓｉａｌ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ; ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｋｅｙ ａｒｅａｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｓ ｓｉｎｃｅ ｉｔｓ ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ 1972. Ｉｔ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｓａｉｄ ｔｈａｔ ｇｅｎｄｅｒ ｉｎｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ｉｎ ａｎ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｓｅｔｔｉｎｇ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｅｌｉｍｉｎａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ. Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ ｔｈａｔ ｍｏｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｎｅｅｄｓ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｄｏｎｅ ｗｈｅｎ ｙｏｕ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ, "Ｅｉｇｈｔ ｉｎ 10 ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｆｏｒｍ ｏｆ ｈａｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｙｅａｒｓ, ａｎｄ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ 25 ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｍ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ ｉｔ ｏｆｔｅｎ" (ＴＩｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｅｖｅｎ ｔｈｏｕｇｈ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｈａｓ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ ｓｏｍｅ ａｒｅａｓ ｏｆ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｂｏｔｈ ｍｅｎ ａｎｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ, ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｍａｎｙ ｐｅｏｐｅ ａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｄ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅｓｅ ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ; ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｙ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｉｓ ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ; ａｎｄ, ｔｈｅｙ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ ｆｏｒ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｓｕｒｅ ｔｈａｔ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｂｅｉｎｇ ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ ｏｕｔ ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｌａｗ. Ｅｖｅｎ ｔｈｏｕｇｈ ｓｏｍｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙ ｓａｙ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｄｉｓｃｒｅｐａｎｃｉｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｅｘｉｓｔ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｍｅｎ ａｎｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ. Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｃｌｅａｒ ｔｈａｔ ｇｉｒｌｓ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｔｅｄ ｆｒｏｍ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ, ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｇｉｒｌｓ ａｒｅ ａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｐｌａｙｉｎｇ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ. Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ, ｉｔ ｉｓ ａ ｆａｌｓｅ ａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｇｉｒｌｓ ｈａｖｅ ｅｑｕａｌ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ ｉｎ ａｌｌ ａｒｅａｓ ｏｆ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ. Ｗｈｅｎ ｉｎ ｆａｃｔ, "Ｉｎ 2000-02, ｏｎｌｙ 44 ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｃｏａｃｈｅｓ ｏｆ ｗｏｍｅｎ'ｓ ｔｅａｍｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｗｏｍｅｎ. Ｉｎ 1972, ｔｈｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｗａｓ ｏｖｅｒ 90 ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ" (ＴｉｔｌｅＩＸ.Ｉｎｆｏ). Ｌａｓｔｌｙ, ｉｔ ｉｓ ｃｌｅａｒ ｔｈａｔ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｈａｓ ｈｅｌｐｅｄ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｏ ｇａｉｎ ｉｎ ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ ａｒｅａｓ ｏｆ ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ, ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｔｈａｔ ｄｉｓｃｒｅｐａｎｃｙ ｗａｓ ｓｏ ｌａｒｇｅ ａｎｄ ｗａｓ ｉｎ ｐｌａｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｓｏ ｌｏｎｇ Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ ｉｓ ｓｔｉｌｌ ａ ｗｏｒｋ ｉｎ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ ｔｈａｔ ｗｉｌｌ ｈａｖｅ ｔｏ ｂｅ ａｍｅｎｄｅｄ ｗｈｅｎｅｖｅｒ ｉｔ ｂｅｃｏｍｅｓ ａｐｐａｒｅｎｔ ｔｈａｔ ｉｔ ｓｔｉｌｌ ａ ｎｅｅｄ ｆｏｒ ｉｔ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｆｉｎｅ ｔｕｎｅｄ. Ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ, ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ ａｒｅａｓ ｔｈａｔ ｎｅｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｒｅｆｉｎｅｄ; ｗｏｍｅｎ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｈａｖｅ ｎｏｔ ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ ａ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｐｌａｙｉｎｇ ｆｉｅｌｄ ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｐｕｔ ｔｈｅｍ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｌｅｖｅｌ ａｓ ａ ｍｅｎ. Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ, ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｈａｓ Ｖｉｃｔｏｒｉａｎ ｖｉｅｗｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｅｖｅｎ ｔｈｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ａ ｌｏｔ ｏｆ ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ ｉｎ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ; ｔｈｅ ｉｄｅｏｌｏｇｙ ｏｆ ｗｈａｔ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｐｌａｃｅ ｉｎ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｓｅｅｍｓ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｓｔｕｃｋ ｉｎ ａｎ ｅａｒｌｉｅｒ ｔｉｍｅ ｉｎ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ. Ｗｏｒｋｓ Ｃｉｔｅｄ Ｃｕｌｌｅｎ-Ｄｕｐｏｎｔ, Ｋａｔｈｒｙｎ. Ｔｈｅ Ｅｎｃｙｃｌｏｐｅｄｉａ ｏｆ Ｗｏｍｅｎ'ｓ Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ｉｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ. Ｎｅｗ Ｙｏｒｋ: Ｆａｃｔｓ ｏｎ Ｆｉｌｅ, 1996. Ｆｏｒｄ, Ｌｙｎｎｅ Ｅ. Ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｎｄ Ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ: ｔｈｅ Ｐｕｒｓｕｉｔ ｏｆ Ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ. 2ｎｄ ｅｄ. Ｎｅｗ Ｙｏｒｋ: Ｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｎ Ｍｉｆｆｌｉｎ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ, 2006. Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｉａｔｅ Ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃ Ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ. "Ｇｅｎｄｅｒ Ｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ/Ｔｉｔｌｅ ＩＸ: Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ Ｆａｃｔｓ." ＮＣＡＡ. 2007. 24 Ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ 2007 . Ｐｅａｃｈ, Ｌｕｃｉｎｄａ Ｊｏｙ. Ｗｏｍｅｎ ｉｎ Ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ Ａ Ｗｏｍｅｎ'ｓ Ｓｔｕｄｙ Ａｎｔｈｏｌｏｇｙ. Ｍａｓｓａｃｈｕｓｅｔｔｓ: Ｂｌａｃｋｗｅｌｌ Ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｒｓ, 1998. Ｓａｄｋｅｒ, Ｍｙｒａ, ａｎｄ Ｓａｄｋｅｒ Ｄａｖｉｄ. Ｇｅｎｄｅｒ Ｅｑｕｉｔｙ: Ｓｔｉｌｌ Ｋｎｏｃｋｉｎｇ ａｔ ｔｈｅ Ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ Ｄｏｏｒ 2007 Ｍａｒｃｈ. 24 Ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ 2007 < ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｓａｄｋｅｒ.ｏｒｇ/ＣｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍＤｏｏｒ.ｈｔｍｌ >. Ｓｔｒｏｍ, Ｓｈａｒｏｎ Ｈａｒｔｍａｎ. Ｍａｊｏｒ Ｉｓｓｕｅｓ ｉｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ: Ｗｏｍｅｎ'ｓ Ｒｉｇｈｔｓ. Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｃｕｔ: Ｇｒｅｅｎｗｏｏｄ Ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇ Ｇｒｏｕｐ, Ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ, 2003. Ｔｈｅ ＭＡＲＧＡＲＥＴ Ｆｕｎｄ ｏｆ ＮＷＬＣ. "Ｉ Ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ Ｍｙ Ｒｉｇｈｔｓ". 2005. 24 Ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ 2007 < ｈｔｔｐ://ｗｗｗ.ｔｉｔｌｅｉｘ.ｉｎｆｏ/ｉｎｄｅｘ.ｊｓｐ >. Ｚｏｐｈｙ, Ａｎｇｅｌａ Ｈｏｗａｒｄ, ａｎｄ Ｋａｖｅｎｉｋ, Ｆｒａｎｃｅｓ Ｍ. Ｈａｎｄｂｏｏｋ ｏｆ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｗｏｍｅｎ'ｓ Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ. Ｎｅｗ Ｙｏｒｋ: Ｇａｒｌａｎｄ, 1990. |
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